The aircraft should not lose altitude during the last part of the maneuver, nor during the recovery, when engine power may be used to re-establish normal cruising speed on the new heading. During the second 90° of the change of heading, the pitch angle is held constant, while the bank angle is smoothly decreased to reach 0° of bank, the end of the turn and return to straight-and-level flight at exactly the reciprocal heading (180° away from the heading at the start of the maneuver), and with the airspeed close to the stall speed. At the 90° point in the change of heading, the aircraft has the maximum pitch angle (which should be close to the critical angle of attack at the level stall speed of the aircraft). The angle of bank stays constant during the first 90° of the change of heading, while the pitch angle increases steadily. Simultaneously, full power is applied and a smooth pitch up is started with the controls (the elevators on the empennage). This will begin a turn of the aircraft in the direction of bank. In most small aircraft (cruising speeds of 100–175 KIAS) this bank will be about 30° to 40°. To begin the maneuver the pilot first rolls the aircraft in the desired direction with the controls (the ailerons), and quickly but smoothly establishes a medium-banked turn. The pilot enters a chandelle at a pre-determined airspeed in the normal cruising range for the aircraft. See the diagram for a visual depiction of how the maneuver must be flown for the purpose of certification. The aircraft can be flown in "slow-flight" after establishing the new heading, or normal cruise flight may be resumed, depending upon the purposes of the exercise or examination. It is rather a maneuver designed to show the pilot's proficiency in controlling the aircraft while performing a minimum radius climbing turn at a constant rate of turn (expressed usually in degrees per second) through a 180° change of heading, arriving at the new reciprocal heading at an airspeed in the "slow-flight" regime, very near the aerodynamic stall. The chandelle (which is the French word for candle) is a precision aircraft control maneuver, and not strictly speaking an aerobatic, dogfighting, or aerial combat maneuver, however it was used with success by Japanese Zero pilots of the Tainan Air Group in 1942 over New Guinea. The Federal Aviation Administration in the United States requires such training. It is now required for attaining a commercial flight certificate in many countries. The chandelle is an aircraft control maneuver where the pilot combines a 180° turn with a climb. JSTOR ( February 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭhandelle from the FAA Publication FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. You will see every maneuver from my pov in the cockpit and we will go through advantages and disadvantages when we analyse it in Tacview.This article needs additional citations for verification. The first episode will be theory-only, because we have to clarify a few terms. I want to get rid of this "problem" and showcase the various maneuvers for you out there. For me it was a huge difference to see it "live from the cockpit" and I had more than one aha experience! I don't know about you, but I can't imagine how to fly a maneuver by reading about it and looking at a quite complex image of it. But I didn't find any videos and certainly not from a cockpit pov. Whenever I search for documents or information regarding BFM, I found very well written documents explaining the various maneuvers and showing them with some pictures. This guide tries to explain the basic theory and practical use of the maneuvers used in the BFM - the Basic Fighter Maneuvers. The complete playlist is available on YouTube here. The majority of this guide will be in form of a video. If you like this guide, then please rate it! And, of course, feel free to subscribe to me on YouTube - this way you will always be notified when a new video is released! :)
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